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Порыв ветра (картина Курбе). Картина порыв ветра


Порыв ветра (картина Курбе) — Википедия (с комментариями)

Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии

К:Картины 1865 года

«Поры́в ве́тра» (фр. Le coup de vent, англ. The Gust of Wind) или «Приближе́ние што́рма» (англ. The Approaching Storm) — картина, написанная примерно в 1865 году французским художником Гюставом Курбе (Gustave Courbet, 1819—1877). Картина находится в основной экспозиции Хьюстонского музея изящных искусств (Museum of Fine Arts, Houston), в разделе европейского искусства. Размер картины — 573⁄4 × 907⁄8 дюйма (146,7 × 230,8 см)[1]. Картина была передана в дар музею Кэролайн Висс Лоу (Caroline Wiess Law)[1][2].

История и описание

Картина «Порыв ветра» — самый большой по размеру пейзаж Гюстава Курбе. В левой верхней части полотна изображены надвигающиеся тяжёлые, тёмные тучи. Ветер гнёт ветки деревьев, пытаясь с корнями вырвать дубы из каменистой почвы[1][3]. Композицию картины можно рассматривать как борьбу между солнечным светом и тенью[4].

Возможно, натурой для художника послужил лес Фонтенбло, расположенный к юго-востоку от Парижа. Чтобы создать эффект вибрации на переднем плане, Курбе использовал не только кисть, но и мастихин (нож-мастерок для палитры). По сравнению с камнями на переднем плане, освещённые солнцем горы на горизонте изображены в очень мягком стиле[1][3].

Картина «Порыв ветра» была одним из наиболее заметных экспонатов на выставке «Курбе и современный пейзаж» (англ. Courbet and the Modern Landscape), которая проходила в 2006—2007 годах в Музее Гетти в Лос-Анджелесе (21 февраля — 14 мая 2006), Музее изящных искусств в Хьюстоне (18 июня — 20 сентября 2006) и Художественном музее Уолтерса в Балтиморе (15 октября 2006 — 7 января 2007)[5][6][7].

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Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 [www.mfah.org/art/detail/51709 Gustave Courbet — The Gust of Wind] (HTML). The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Проверено 29 сентября 2016. [www.webcitation.org/6DHAAdAp4 Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  2. ↑ Douglas Britt. [www.chron.com/entertainment/article/Loaned-pieces-keep-MFAH-new-1622821.php Loaned pieces keep MFAH new] (HTML). Houston Chronicle, www.chron.com (29 марта 2009). Проверено 10 февраля 2015.
  3. ↑ 1 2 [prv.mfah.org/twa/main.asp?target=images2&iid=451&cp=2 Teaching with Art — The Gust of Wind, Gustave Courbet] (HTML). The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [www.webcitation.org/6DHABRHAN Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  4. ↑ [www.nccsc.net/reviews/gustave-courbet Gustave Courbet] (HTML). Newington-Cropsey Cultural Studies Center — www.nccsc.net. Проверено 6 февраля 2012.
  5. ↑ M.D. Caprario. [www.lasplash.com/publish/cat_index_art_and_books/Courbet_Landscape_Collection_Debuts_at_Getty_Center.php Courbet Landscape Collection Debuts at Getty Center] (HTML). Splash Magazines, www.lasplash.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [www.webcitation.org/6DHABxat9 Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  6. ↑ Patricia C. Johnson. [www.chron.com/entertainment/article/Gustave-Courbet-altered-the-way-works-are-made-1896762.php Gustave Courbet altered the way works are made, viewed] (HTML). Houston Chronicle, www.chron.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [www.webcitation.org/6DHADSF44 Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  7. ↑ Roberta Smith. [www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/arts/design/13cour.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 A Burly Father of Modernism, Presented With Accompaniment] (HTML). The New York Times, www.nytimes.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [www.webcitation.org/6DHAEX3yi Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].

Ссылки

  • [www.googleartproject.com/collection/the-museum-of-fine-arts-houston/artwork/the-gust-of-wind-gustave-courbet/449049/ The Gust of Wind, c. 1865, Gustave Courbet], Google Art Project, www.googleartproject.com

Отрывок, характеризующий Порыв ветра (картина Курбе)

– La balance у est… [Баланс установлен…] Немец на обухе молотит хлебец, comme dit le рroverbe, [как говорит пословица,] – перекладывая янтарь на другую сторону ртa, сказал Шиншин и подмигнул графу. Граф расхохотался. Другие гости, видя, что Шиншин ведет разговор, подошли послушать. Берг, не замечая ни насмешки, ни равнодушия, продолжал рассказывать о том, как переводом в гвардию он уже выиграл чин перед своими товарищами по корпусу, как в военное время ротного командира могут убить, и он, оставшись старшим в роте, может очень легко быть ротным, и как в полку все любят его, и как его папенька им доволен. Берг, видимо, наслаждался, рассказывая всё это, и, казалось, не подозревал того, что у других людей могли быть тоже свои интересы. Но всё, что он рассказывал, было так мило степенно, наивность молодого эгоизма его была так очевидна, что он обезоруживал своих слушателей. – Ну, батюшка, вы и в пехоте, и в кавалерии, везде пойдете в ход; это я вам предрекаю, – сказал Шиншин, трепля его по плечу и спуская ноги с отоманки. Берг радостно улыбнулся. Граф, а за ним и гости вышли в гостиную.

Было то время перед званым обедом, когда собравшиеся гости не начинают длинного разговора в ожидании призыва к закуске, а вместе с тем считают необходимым шевелиться и не молчать, чтобы показать, что они нисколько не нетерпеливы сесть за стол. Хозяева поглядывают на дверь и изредка переглядываются между собой. Гости по этим взглядам стараются догадаться, кого или чего еще ждут: важного опоздавшего родственника или кушанья, которое еще не поспело. Пьер приехал перед самым обедом и неловко сидел посредине гостиной на первом попавшемся кресле, загородив всем дорогу. Графиня хотела заставить его говорить, но он наивно смотрел в очки вокруг себя, как бы отыскивая кого то, и односложно отвечал на все вопросы графини. Он был стеснителен и один не замечал этого. Большая часть гостей, знавшая его историю с медведем, любопытно смотрели на этого большого толстого и смирного человека, недоумевая, как мог такой увалень и скромник сделать такую штуку с квартальным. – Вы недавно приехали? – спрашивала у него графиня. – Oui, madame, [Да, сударыня,] – отвечал он, оглядываясь. – Вы не видали моего мужа? – Non, madame. [Нет, сударыня.] – Он улыбнулся совсем некстати. – Вы, кажется, недавно были в Париже? Я думаю, очень интересно. – Очень интересно.. Графиня переглянулась с Анной Михайловной. Анна Михайловна поняла, что ее просят занять этого молодого человека, и, подсев к нему, начала говорить об отце; но так же, как и графине, он отвечал ей только односложными словами. Гости были все заняты между собой. Les Razoumovsky… ca a ete charmant… Vous etes bien bonne… La comtesse Apraksine… [Разумовские… Это было восхитительно… Вы очень добры… Графиня Апраксина…] слышалось со всех сторон. Графиня встала и пошла в залу. – Марья Дмитриевна? – послышался ее голос из залы. – Она самая, – послышался в ответ грубый женский голос, и вслед за тем вошла в комнату Марья Дмитриевна. Все барышни и даже дамы, исключая самых старых, встали. Марья Дмитриевна остановилась в дверях и, с высоты своего тучного тела, высоко держа свою с седыми буклями пятидесятилетнюю голову, оглядела гостей и, как бы засучиваясь, оправила неторопливо широкие рукава своего платья. Марья Дмитриевна всегда говорила по русски. – Имениннице дорогой с детками, – сказала она своим громким, густым, подавляющим все другие звуки голосом. – Ты что, старый греховодник, – обратилась она к графу, целовавшему ее руку, – чай, скучаешь в Москве? Собак гонять негде? Да что, батюшка, делать, вот как эти пташки подрастут… – Она указывала на девиц. – Хочешь – не хочешь, надо женихов искать. – Ну, что, казак мой? (Марья Дмитриевна казаком называла Наташу) – говорила она, лаская рукой Наташу, подходившую к ее руке без страха и весело. – Знаю, что зелье девка, а люблю.

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Порыв ветра (картина Курбе) - WikiVisually

1. Курбе, Гюстав – Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and his independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator, Courbets paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects, Courbets subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character, landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes. He was imprisoned for six months in 1871 for his involvement with the Paris Commune, Gustave Courbet was born in 1819 to Régis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans. Being a prosperous farming family, anti-monarchical feelings prevailed in the household, Courbets sisters, Zoé, Zélie and Juliette, were his first models for drawing and painting. After moving to Paris he often returned home to Ornans to hunt, fish and he went to Paris in 1839 and worked at the studio of Steuben and Hesse. An independent spirit, he left, preferring to develop his own style by studying the paintings of Spanish, Flemish and French masters in the Louvre. Among his paintings of the early 1840s are several self-portraits, Romantic in conception, trips to the Netherlands and Belgium in 1846–47 strengthened Courbets belief that painters should portray the life around them, as Rembrandt, Hals and other Dutch masters had. By 1848, he had gained supporters among the younger critics, Courbet achieved his first Salon success in 1849 with his painting After Dinner at Ornans. The work, reminiscent of Chardin and Le Nain, earned Courbet a gold medal and was purchased by the state, the gold medal meant that his works would no longer require jury approval for exhibition at the Salon—an exemption Courbet enjoyed until 1857. In 1849-50, Courbet painted Stone-Breakers, which Proudhon admired as an icon of peasant life, the painting was inspired by a scene Courbet witnessed on the roadside. He later explained to Champfleury and the writer Francis Wey, It is not often that one encounters so complete an expression of poverty and so, right then, I told them to come to my studio the next morning. Courbets work belonged neither to the predominant Romantic nor Neoclassical schools, instead, he maintained that the only possible source for living art is the artists own experience. He and Jean-Francois Millet would find inspiration painting the life of peasants, Courbet painted figurative compositions, landscapes, seascapes, and still lifes. He courted controversy by addressing issues in his work, and by painting subjects that were considered vulgar, such as the rural bourgeoisie, peasants. His work, along with that of Honoré Daumier and Jean-François Millet and he depicted the harshness in life, and in so doing challenged contemporary academic ideas of art. The Salon of 1850–1851 found him triumphant with The Stone Breakers, the Burial, one of Courbets most important works, records the funeral of his grand uncle which he attended in September 1848

2. Холст – Canvas is an extremely durable plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and other items for which sturdiness is required. It is also used by artists as a painting surface. It is also used in such objects as handbags, electronic device cases. The word canvas is derived from the 13th century Anglo-French canevaz, both may be derivatives of the Vulgar Latin cannapaceus for made of hemp, originating from the Greek κάνναβις. Modern canvas is made of cotton or linen, although. It differs from other cotton fabrics, such as denim. Canvas comes in two types, plain and duck. The threads in duck canvas are more tightly woven, the term duck comes from the Dutch word for cloth, doek. In the United States, canvas is classified in two ways, by weight and by a number system. The numbers run in reverse of the weight so a number 10 canvas is lighter than number 4, canvas has become the most common support medium for oil painting, replacing wooden panels. One of the earliest surviving oils on canvas is a French Madonna with angels from around 1410 in the Gemäldegalerie, however, panel painting remained more common until the 16th century in Italy and the 17th century in Northern Europe. Mantegna and Venetian artists were among those leading the change, Venetian sail canvas was readily available, as lead-based paint is poisonous, care has to be taken in using it. Early canvas was made of linen, a sturdy brownish fabric of considerable strength, linen is particularly suitable for the use of oil paint. In the early 20th century, cotton canvas, often referred to as cotton duck, linen is composed of higher quality material, and remains popular with many professional artists, especially those who work with oil paint. Cotton duck, which stretches more fully and has an even, mechanical weave, the advent of acrylic paint has greatly increased the popularity and use of cotton duck canvas. Linen and cotton derive from two different plants, the flax plant and the cotton plant, respectively. Gessoed canvases on stretchers are also available and they are available in a variety of weights, light-weight is about 4 oz or 5 oz, medium-weight is about 7 oz or 8 oz, heavy-weight is about 10 oz or 12 oz. They are prepared with two or three coats of gesso and are ready for use straight away, artists desiring greater control of their painting surface may add a coat or two of their preferred gesso

3. Масляная живопись – Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments with a medium of drying oil as the binder. Commonly used drying oils include linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, the choice of oil imparts a range of properties to the oil paint, such as the amount of yellowing or drying time. Certain differences, depending on the oil, are visible in the sheen of the paints. An artist might use different oils in the same painting depending on specific pigments and effects desired. The paints themselves also develop a particular consistency depending on the medium, the oil may be boiled with a resin, such as pine resin or frankincense, to create a varnish prized for its body and gloss. Its practice may have migrated westward during the Middle Ages, Oil paint eventually became the principal medium used for creating artworks as its advantages became widely known. In recent years, water miscible oil paint has come to prominence and, to some extent, water-soluble paints contain an emulsifier that allows them to be thinned with water rather than paint thinner, and allows very fast drying times when compared with traditional oils. Traditional oil painting techniques often begin with the artist sketching the subject onto the canvas with charcoal or thinned paint, Oil paint is usually mixed with linseed oil, artist grade mineral spirits, or other solvents to make the paint thinner, faster or slower-drying. A basic rule of oil paint application is fat over lean and this means that each additional layer of paint should contain more oil than the layer below to allow proper drying. If each additional layer contains less oil, the painting will crack. This rule does not ensure permanence, it is the quality and type of oil leads to a strong. There are many media that can be used with the oil, including cold wax, resins. These aspects of the paint are closely related to the capacity of oil paint. Traditionally, paint was transferred to the surface using paintbrushes. Oil paint remains wet longer than other types of artists materials, enabling the artist to change the color. At times, the painter might even remove a layer of paint. This can be done with a rag and some turpentine for a time while the paint is wet, Oil paint dries by oxidation, not evaporation, and is usually dry to the touch within a span of two weeks. It is generally dry enough to be varnished in six months to a year, art conservators do not consider an oil painting completely dry until it is 60 to 80 years old

4. Музей изящных искусств (Хьюстон) – The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, located in the Houston Museum District, Houston, is one of the largest museums in the United States. The permanent collection of the museum more than 6,000 years of history with approximately 64,000 works from six continents. The museum benefits the Houston community through programs, publications and media presentations, each year,1.25 million people benefit from museums programs, workshops and resource centers. Of that total, more than 500,000 people participate in the community outreach programs, the MFAHs permanent collection totals 63,718 pieces in 270,000 square feet of exhibition space, placing it among the larger art museums in the United States. The museums collections and programs are housed in seven facilities, the main buildings have 130,000 square feet of exhibition space. Caroline Wiess Law Building – the original building was designed in phases by architect William Ward Watkin. The original Caroline Wiess Law building was constructed in 1924 and the east and west wing were added in 1926, the Robert Lee Blaffer Memorial Wing was designed by Kenneth Franzheim and opened to the public in 1953. The new construction included significant structural improvements to several existing galleries—most notably, two subsequent additions, Cullinan Hall and the Brown Pavilion, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe were built in 1958 and 1974 respectively. This section of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston campus is the only Mies-designed museum in the United States, the museum Trustees elected to name the building after Audrey Jones Beck in honor of the large collection she had donated to the museum several decades prior. The new building will occupy a two-acre museum-owned site that is currently a parking lot, the new MFAH building will be integrated with the adjacent Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden and an expanded Glassell School of Art. It will also include 25 galleries for traveling exhibitions, educational areas, a library, lecture halls, a theater, the museum expects the project to cost $250 million to $350 million with the design process taking about two years, followed by five years of construction. The Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden – was designed by US-born artist and landscape architect Isamu Noguchi, the garden itself is a sculpture that unites the pathways between the Caroline Wiess Law Building and the Glassell School of Art. Glassell School of Art – founded in 1979 and designed by architect S. I, morris, the Glassell School of Art offers programs under the Studio School for Adults. The Glassell School of Art serves as the wing of the MFAH, with a variety of classes, workshops, and educational opportunities for students diverse in age, interests, experience. In 2014, Steven Holl designed a new L-shaped building for the school, the school offers classes at the Studio School for Adults and the Glassell Junior School, as well as Community Bridge Programs, special programs for youths, and the Core Artist-in-Residence Program. The MFAH is the museum facility in the United States that has a special building dedicated solely to art classes for children. Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens – features one of the nations finest collections of American decorative art, the Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens, former home of Life Trustee Ima Hogg, was designed by architect John F. Staub in 1927. Miss Hogg donated the property to the MFAH in 1957, followed, in 1962, by the donation of its collection of paintings, furniture, ceramics, glass, metals, Bayou Bend was officially dedicated and opened to the public in 1966

5. Хьюстон – Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas

6. Франция – France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks

7. Пейзаж – In other works, landscape backgrounds for figures can still form an important part of the work. Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather is often an element of the composition, detailed landscapes as a distinct subject are not found in all artistic traditions, and develop when there is already a sophisticated tradition of representing other subjects. The two main traditions spring from Western painting and Chinese art, going well over a thousand years in both cases. Landscape views in art may be imaginary, or copied from reality with varying degrees of accuracy. If the primary purpose of a picture is to depict an actual, specific place, especially including buildings prominently, within a few decades it was used to describe vistas in poetry, and eventually as a term for real views. However the cognate term landscaef or landskipe for a patch of land had existed in Old English. The earliest pure landscapes with no figures are frescos from Minoan Greece of around 1500 BCE. The frescos from the Tomb of Nebamun, now in the British Museum, are a famous example. These were frequently used, as in the illustrated, to bridge the gap between a foreground scene with figures and a distant panoramic vista, a persistent problem for landscape artists. The Chinese style generally showed only a distant view, or used dead ground or mist to avoid that difficulty, aesthetic theories in both regions gave the highest status to the works seen to require the most imagination from the artist. They were often also poets whose lines and images illustrated each other, a revival in interest in nature initially mainly manifested itself in depictions of small gardens such as the Hortus Conclusus or those in millefleur tapestries. The frescos of figures at work or play in front of a background of trees in the Palace of the Popes. Several frescos of gardens have survived from Roman houses like the Villa of Livia, a particular advance is shown in the less well-known Turin-Milan Hours, now largely destroyed by fire, whose developments were reflected in Early Netherlandish painting for the rest of the century. Landscape backgrounds for various types of painting became prominent and skilful during the 15th century. The Italian development of a system of graphical perspective was now known all over Europe. Indeed, certain styles were so popular that they became formulas that could be copied again and again, after the publication of the Small Landscapes, landscape artists in the Low Countries either continued with the world landscape or followed the new mode presented by the Small Landscapes. The popularity of landscape scenes can be seen in the success of the painter Frans Post. Salvator Rosa gave picturesque excitement to his landscapes by showing wilder Southern Italian country, there are different styles and periods, and subgenres of marine and animal painting, as well as a distinct style of Italianate landscape

8. Лес Фонтенбло – The forest of Fontainebleau is a mixed deciduous forest lying sixty kilometres southeast of Paris, France. It is located primarily in the arrondissement of Fontainebleau in the part of the department of Seine-et-Marne. Most of it lies in the canton of Fontainebleau, although parts of it extend into adjoining cantons. Several communes lie within the forest, notably the towns of Fontainebleau, the forest has an area of 280 km2. The most common trees in the forest are, oak, Scots pine, three thousand species of mushrooms have been discovered. The forest is home to approximately seven thousand animal species. The forest is the scene of action of the trilogy. A scene in the 1852 play The Corsican Brothers, where a duel takes place, is set in the forest of Fontainebleau, chapter 6 of the ground-breaking film serial Les Vampires takes place in Fontainebleau Forest. The map Castle Rock in the game Alliance of Valiant Arms takes place in the Fontainebleau Forest, the Santalune Forest location in Pokémon X and Y is based loosely on Fontainebleau Forest. Fontainebleau rock climbing Media related to Forest of Fontainebleau at Wikimedia Commons Fontainebleau, forêt démotions Official webpage from Office National des Forêts

9. Париж – Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town

10. Мастихин – A painting knife is an artists tool with a flexible steel blade used to apply paint to the canvas. It has a tip, lowered or cranked like a trowel. The blade can be of different lengths and shapes, triangular, rectangular or more diamond like, a painting knife is different from a palette knife which has a straight wide blade and a rounded tip, better suited for mixing paints on the palette. Famous knife painters are, Titian, Bob Ross, Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Fragonard, Courbet, Nicolas de Staël, and Riopelle

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Порыв ветра (картина Курбе)

«Поры́в ве́тра» (фр. Le coup de vent, англ. The Gust of Wind) или «Приближе́ние што́рма» (англ. The Approaching Storm) — картина, написанная примерно в 1865 году французским художником Гюставом Курбе (Gustave Courbet, 1819—1877). Картина находится в основной экспозиции Хьюстонского музея изящных искусств (Museum of Fine Arts, Houston), в разделе европейского искусства. Размер картины — 573⁄4 × 907⁄8 дюйма (146,7×230,8 см). Картина была передана в дар музею Кэролайн Висс Лоу (Caroline Wiess Law).

Содержание

  • 1 История и описание
  • 2 Примечания
  • 3 Ссылки

История и описание

Картина «Порыв ветра» — самый большой по размеру пейзаж Гюстава Курбе. В левой верхней части полотна изображены надвигающиеся тяжёлые, тёмные тучи. Ветер гнёт ветки деревьев, пытаясь с корнями вырвать дубы из каменистой почвы. Композицию картины можно рассматривать как борьбу между солнечным светом и тенью.

Возможно, натурой для художника послужил лес Фонтенбло, расположенный к юго-востоку от Парижа. Чтобы создать эффект вибрации на переднем плане, Курбе использовал не только кисть, но и мастихин (нож-мастерок для палитры). По сравнению с камнями на переднем плане, освещённые солнцем горы на горизонте изображены в очень мягком стиле.

Картина «Порыв ветра» была одним из наиболее заметных экспонатов на выставке «Курбе и современный пейзаж» (англ. Courbet and the Modern Landscape), которая проходила в 2006—2007 годах в Музее Гетти в Лос-Анджелесе (21 февраля — 14 мая 2006), Музее изящных искусств в Хьюстоне (18 июня — 20 сентября 2006) и Художественном музее Уолтерса в Балтиморе (15 октября 2006 — 7 января 2007).

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Gustave Courbet — The Gust of Wind (HTML). The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012.
  2. ↑ Douglas Britt. Loaned pieces keep MFAH new (HTML). Houston Chronicle, www.chron.com (29 марта 2009). Проверено 10 февраля 2015.
  3. ↑ 1 2 Teaching with Art — The Gust of Wind, Gustave Courbet (HTML). The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012.
  4. ↑ Gustave Courbet (HTML). Newington-Cropsey Cultural Studies Center — www.nccsc.net. Проверено 6 февраля 2012.
  5. ↑ M.D. Caprario. Courbet Landscape Collection Debuts at Getty Center (HTML). Splash Magazines, www.lasplash.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012.
  6. ↑ Patricia C. Johnson. Gustave Courbet altered the way works are made, viewed (HTML). Houston Chronicle, www.chron.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012.
  7. ↑ Roberta Smith. A Burly Father of Modernism, Presented With Accompaniment (HTML). The New York Times, www.nytimes.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012.

Ссылки

  • The Gust of Wind, c. 1865, Gustave Courbet, Google Art Project, www.googleartproject.com
Работы Гюстава Курбе

Каменотёсы (1849) • Похороны в Орнане (1849—1850) • Веяльщицы (1853) • Встреча (1854) • Раненый (1854) • Мастерская художника (1855) • Спящая обнажённая (1865) • Порыв ветра (Приближение шторма) (1865) • Женщина с попугаем (1866) • Происхождение мира (1866) • Спящие (1866)

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К:Картины 1865 года

«Поры́в ве́тра» (фр. Le coup de vent, англ. The Gust of Wind) или «Приближе́ние што́рма» (англ. The Approaching Storm) — картина, написанная примерно в 1865 году французским художником Гюставом Курбе (Gustave Courbet, 1819—1877). Картина находится в основной экспозиции Хьюстонского музея изящных искусств (Museum of Fine Arts, Houston), в разделе европейского искусства. Размер картины — 573⁄4 × 907⁄8 дюйма (146,7 × 230,8 см)[1]. Картина была передана в дар музею Кэролайн Висс Лоу (Caroline Wiess Law)[1][2].

История и описание

Картина «Порыв ветра» — самый большой по размеру пейзаж Гюстава Курбе. В левой верхней части полотна изображены надвигающиеся тяжёлые, тёмные тучи. Ветер гнёт ветки деревьев, пытаясь с корнями вырвать дубы из каменистой почвы[1][3]. Композицию картины можно рассматривать как борьбу между солнечным светом и тенью[4].

Возможно, натурой для художника послужил лес Фонтенбло, расположенный к юго-востоку от Парижа. Чтобы создать эффект вибрации на переднем плане, Курбе использовал не только кисть, но и мастихин (нож-мастерок для палитры). По сравнению с камнями на переднем плане, освещённые солнцем горы на горизонте изображены в очень мягком стиле[1][3].

Картина «Порыв ветра» была одним из наиболее заметных экспонатов на выставке «Курбе и современный пейзаж» (англ. Courbet and the Modern Landscape), которая проходила в 2006—2007 годах в Музее Гетти в Лос-Анджелесе (21 февраля — 14 мая 2006), Музее изящных искусств в Хьюстоне (18 июня — 20 сентября 2006) и Художественном музее Уолтерса в Балтиморе (15 октября 2006 — 7 января 2007)[5][6][7].

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Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 [https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/51709 Gustave Courbet — The Gust of Wind] (HTML). The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Проверено 29 сентября 2016. [http://www.webcitation.org/6DHAAdAp4 Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  2. ↑ Douglas Britt. [http://www.chron.com/entertainment/article/Loaned-pieces-keep-MFAH-new-1622821.php Loaned pieces keep MFAH new] (HTML). Houston Chronicle, www.chron.com (29 марта 2009). Проверено 10 февраля 2015.
  3. ↑ 1 2 [http://prv.mfah.org/twa/main.asp?target=images2&iid=451&cp=2 Teaching with Art — The Gust of Wind, Gustave Courbet] (HTML). The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [http://www.webcitation.org/6DHABRHAN Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  4. ↑ [http://www.nccsc.net/reviews/gustave-courbet Gustave Courbet] (HTML). Newington-Cropsey Cultural Studies Center — www.nccsc.net. Проверено 6 февраля 2012.
  5. ↑ M.D. Caprario. [http://www.lasplash.com/publish/cat_index_art_and_books/Courbet_Landscape_Collection_Debuts_at_Getty_Center.php Courbet Landscape Collection Debuts at Getty Center] (HTML). Splash Magazines, www.lasplash.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [http://www.webcitation.org/6DHABxat9 Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  6. ↑ Patricia C. Johnson. [http://www.chron.com/entertainment/article/Gustave-Courbet-altered-the-way-works-are-made-1896762.php Gustave Courbet altered the way works are made, viewed] (HTML). Houston Chronicle, www.chron.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [http://www.webcitation.org/6DHADSF44 Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].
  7. ↑ Roberta Smith. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/arts/design/13cour.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 A Burly Father of Modernism, Presented With Accompaniment] (HTML). The New York Times, www.nytimes.com. Проверено 3 ноября 2012. [http://www.webcitation.org/6DHAEX3yi Архивировано из первоисточника 29 декабря 2012].

Ссылки

  • [http://www.googleartproject.com/collection/the-museum-of-fine-arts-houston/artwork/the-gust-of-wind-gustave-courbet/449049/ The Gust of Wind, c. 1865, Gustave Courbet], Google Art Project, www.googleartproject.com

Отрывок, характеризующий Порыв ветра (картина Курбе)

Помню, как однажды, после очередного «душевного смятения», я сидела одна в саду под своей любимой старой яблоней и мысленно пыталась «разложить по полочкам» свои сомнения и ошибки, и была очень недовольна тем, какой получался результат. Моя соседка, Леокадия, под своим окном сажала цветы (чем, с её недугом было очень трудно заниматься) и могла прекрасно меня видеть. Наверное, ей не очень понравилось моё тогдашнее состояние (которое всегда, несмотря на то, хорошее или плохое, было напи

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